President Donald Trump said Tuesday he was pausing 50 percent U.S. tariffs on 20 billion dollars worth of Canadian imports after the two countries reached a last-minute deal less than two hours before the tariffs were set to take effect.

Trump announced the three-day pause on his social media platform Truth Social, writing that Canada and the United States had reached a deal, subject to the finalization of documents. Had the tariffs taken effect as scheduled at 12:01 a.m. Wednesday, they would have hit Canadian products ranging from hockey sticks to tongue depressors, regardless of whether those goods qualified for preferential treatment under the U.S. Mexico Canada trade agreement.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney confirmed the three-day delay in a statement about an hour after Trump’s announcement, saying substantial progress had been made while important work remained. Carney and Trump spoke twice by phone over the preceding two days, including a call Tuesday afternoon, as negotiators concluded weeks of intense and largely private talks.

What We Know So Far

A White House proclamation said Canada had committed to addressing U.S. concerns over duties affecting American dairy, alcohol and motor vehicle exports, measures the Trump administration considers discriminatory. Canada did not immediately confirm the specific contents of that commitment, and U.S. officials provided no further detail beyond the proclamation.

U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer’s office said the emerging deal would include comprehensive market access for American goods, economic security commitments and digital trade alignment provisions, among other elements. Existing U.S. auto tariffs had been a significant sticking point in the talks, according to two industry sources familiar with the negotiations.

The tariffs that were paused would have covered roughly 20 billion dollars in Canadian imports and were imposed under Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930, a Great Depression era provision never previously invoked by any president. The provision allows tariffs of up to 50 percent on imports from countries found to have discriminated against U.S. businesses, requires no formal investigation to justify the levies, and places no limit on how long such tariffs can remain in place.

Canadian officials, including Dominic LeBlanc, the minister responsible for U.S. trade, and chief trade negotiator Janice Charette, have been in Washington since the previous week for talks. On Monday, the Canadian delegation met for nearly two hours with Greer and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. Greer has repeatedly cited Canada’s retaliatory tariffs following earlier U.S. measures, Canada’s dairy supply management system, and some provinces’ refusal to stock U.S. liquor as central American grievances in the dispute.

Negotiators had also discussed reducing U.S. Section 232 tariffs on Canadian vehicles from 25 percent to 15 percent, with further reductions tied to the amount of U.S. content in each vehicle, according to sources familiar with the talks. A key point of contention involved how that American content should be calculated, with Washington pushing to count only U.S. produced content while Canada sought credit for broader North American content, including Canadian and Mexican parts. Earlier Tuesday, the U.S. Commerce Department issued new rules simplifying that certification process for automakers exporting from Canada and Mexico, reducing it from twice yearly to once annually, though automakers must re-certify vehicles’ American content by September 30 to claim deductions under the new cycle beginning December 1.

Trump also said in his social media post that the Keystone XL pipeline, a project former President Joe Biden canceled in 2021 following years of Indigenous and environmental opposition, might be revived, though he provided no further detail on that possibility.

What Authorities and Analysts Are Saying

Carney said in his statement that Canada remains focused on building a stronger, more independent and more competitive domestic economy even as negotiations continue.

Ryan Majerus, a partner at King & Spalding and a former U.S. trade official, said before the pause was announced that neither side genuinely wanted the tariffs to take effect, describing a strong push on both sides to find an off-ramp.

Candace Laing, president and CEO of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, said the three-day delay offered businesses some relief but fell short of the certainty a signed interim agreement would provide, describing the situation as a limbo state that was not anyone’s preferred outcome and urging negotiators to finalize a deal quickly.

The Distilled Spirits Council of the U.S. applauded Trump’s announcement in a statement, calling for a negotiated resolution that would return American spirits to retail shelves across all Canadian provinces and restore a zero tariff framework for the spirits sector.

Why This Matters

The last-minute pause reflects how much both countries stood to lose from a full tariff escalation. Nearly 72 percent of Canada’s goods exports last year went to the United States, and the two countries exchanged roughly 880 billion dollars in goods and services in the past year, making a sustained trade rupture costly for both economies. The Trump administration also faced political risk in imposing a substantial new tariff, since import taxes are typically paid by U.S. importers who often pass costs on to consumers through higher prices, a politically sensitive dynamic heading into November’s midterm elections amid existing voter frustration over the cost of living.

Trump’s approach to Canada represents a significant departure from the traditionally cooperative relationship between the two countries, marked by tariffs aimed at reshoring manufacturing and repeated remarks suggesting Canada become the 51st U.S. state. His reliance on Section 338, a previously unused Depression era provision, followed a Supreme Court ruling in February that struck down an earlier round of broad tariffs Trump had imposed by declaring the U.S. trade deficit a national emergency, a decision that forced the administration to seek alternative legal authority for future tariff actions.

Trade experts and industry officials had warned that the tariffs, had they proceeded, could have caused job losses and business closures in vulnerable Canadian sectors including lumber, wine and dairy, while also complicating the broader renegotiation of the U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement. A Canadian government source said last week that Canada had kept all options on the table in case the tariffs took effect, including support for affected domestic industries and a possible suspension of bilateral trade talks, while expressing hope that the U.S. remained motivated to reach a deal.

What Happens Next

Negotiators now have three days to finalize the documents underlying the announced agreement, with both sides describing the current arrangement as a pause rather than a final resolution. Key unresolved issues include the specific terms of Canada’s commitments on dairy, alcohol and auto exports, as well as how tariff deductions tied to vehicle content will ultimately be calculated.

The broader renegotiation of the U.S. Mexico Canada Agreement is expected to continue in parallel, with the threat of Section 338 tariffs likely to remain a source of leverage for the United States in seeking further concessions from Ottawa even after the immediate deadline has passed.

Reporting drawn from the Associated Press and Reuters